What does “ground” refer to in electrical terms?

In electrical terms, "ground" refers to the earth or a conducting connection to the earth. This connection is crucial for safety and functionality in electrical systems. Grounding provides a common reference point for voltages, which helps to stabilize electrical systems and can protect against electrical faults. By directing excess electricity away from systems and down into the earth, grounding helps to prevent electrical shock hazards and reduces the risk of fire caused by short circuits or overloads.

Additionally, grounding is essential for the proper operation of protective devices, such as circuit breakers and fuses, as it helps to clear faults by providing a path for the fault current. This makes grounding a fundamental principle in electrical design and safety protocols.