What is bonding in electrical systems?

Bonding in electrical systems refers to the connection of two or more conductive materials to ensure that they have the same electrical potential. This is a critical safety measure, as it helps prevent electrical shock and reduces the risk of equipment damage caused by stray currents or voltage differences between conductive parts. By establishing a bond, any fault currents can safely flow back to the ground, which allows protective devices, such as circuit breakers, to operate effectively and disconnect faulty circuits. This method is essential for ensuring that all components within an electrical system operate safely and prevent hazards related to electrical faults.

The other options, while related to electrical systems in some way, do not accurately describe the concept of bonding. For instance, insulation relates to protecting conductors but does not involve connecting materials. The separation of circuits addresses circuit design but does not involve the safety measures that bonding provides. Lastly, the addition of electrical capacitance concerns energy storage and circuit performance rather than safety or grounding practices.