What is the primary purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

The primary purpose of grounding in electrical systems is to provide a safe path for fault currents. When a fault occurs, such as a short circuit or insulation failure, grounding ensures that the excess current has a direct route to the ground rather than through unintended paths, which could pose risks to equipment and personnel.

By having a reliable grounding system, it helps to stabilize voltage levels within the electrical system, minimize the risk of electrical shock to individuals, and protect equipment by facilitating the operation of protective devices, such as circuit breakers, to interrupt the flow of current quickly.

The other options, while relevant to various aspects of electrical systems, do not capture the fundamental role of grounding. Improving energy efficiency or preventing excessive current flow addresses different electrical concerns, while increasing soil resistivity is generally contrary to the goals of grounding, as it would reduce the effectiveness of grounding electrodes.